闯入清晨的黄昏拉格——RAVI SHANKAR与WOODSTOCK音乐节

耶胡达 发表于 2009-09-11 11:21:08

 此文应张晓舟之邀为《时尚先生WOODSTOCK四十周年特刊而写,杂志出版时略有改动。文章名改成更通俗易懂的《印度朝圣》,魏籽小姐亦为之写了关于WOODSTOCK海报的《沉默的猫声鸟http://vzvzvz.blogbus.com/logs/46148080.html



特刊封面



闯入清晨的黄昏拉格

           ——RAVI SHANKARWOODSTOCK音乐节

 

“如果你是宇宙的主宰,你就应该知道原因。”

                               ——约翰列侬

 

一.西方红

 

“在西塔琴演奏者香卡演出的时候,天空下起了小雨……”,这是在网络上所能搜索到的关于ravi shankar 69  WOODSTOCK音乐节上演出的唯一描述;尽管残缺,却很容易得到了读者赋予的诗意。据当年音乐节的策划人之一的迈克连恩回忆,当时天空中凝聚着一股特别的力量”,”你可以感受到在场的每一个人在那一刻同心团聚一堂”,连著名的飞车党“地狱天使”都被那种强大的凝聚力所感染而在黄昏时离开了现场(《乌兹塔克口述历史》第254页);

 

而在当天另外一个印度人也出现在WOODSTOCK的舞台上,他就是印度教大师、精神领袖和Swami Satchidananda,他临时受邀在音乐节上发表演讲为大家祈福,“大师和观众们谈和平的可贵,他的话字字珠玑,真是太棒了。”

 

时间回溯到两年前的蒙特利尔流行音乐节,同样是RAVI SHANKAR和他的亲密伙伴TABLA鼓演奏家Ustad Alla Rakha,以他们简练易懂,杂技般炫技的RAGA演奏,征服了场下的千万个观众,如果您看过一套三张的蒙特利尔现场DVD,你会发现在那个清晨,包括“吉他之神”JIMI HENDRIX在内的嬉皮士们如痴如醉的梦幻表情——借着昨夜的药劲,印度音乐的迷幻气氛很快就让他们再一次获得了久违的集体高潮。

 

印度文化在六十年代如水银泻地般地渗透到西方世界,俨然成为东方文化的代言人。从流行乐队甲壳虫的乔治哈里森用印度旋律写出《挪威森林》(当然后来RAVI SHANKAR曾经戏言他弹的西塔琴“就像村口的农夫第一次拉小提琴一样难听”),到纯艺术圈里被人顶礼膜拜的印度声乐艺术家Pandit Pran Nath,很少有嬉皮士不跟印度扯上一点关系。整个战后的西方变成了一个巨大的瑜伽道场。

 

为什么是印度而不是其它国家的文化?因为印度有着它非常独特的价值观:印度的中心概念是永恒,是灵魂;印度文化传统的总取向是“超自然中心”,印度文化认为文化以及人的理想状态就是灵魂与超自然力的完美结合,跟其它文化相比,印度文化总是着眼在人,神之间的关系上(即使是在处理人与人之间之时)。类似种种特性使得印度文化在整体上与西方六十年代寻求“精神解脱”的思潮暗暗相合,而印度音乐不可避免得成为最容易被接纳的文化产品,它的气氛适合各种各样的宗教趣味,随着音阶的螺旋状盘旋,灵魂开始飞升,意识开始旅行——印度的空气就是如此轻易地渗透进西方文明的每一个毛孔。

 

 

二: RAVI SHANKAR为什么这样红?

 

为什么是RAVI SHANKAR?为什么RAVI SHANKAR成为印度音乐传承的代言人?为什么他会引领西方社会对于印度音乐疯狂膜拜的热潮?——伯克利加州大学音乐系主任,著名北印度音乐学者Bonnie Wade提出过一系列关于“为什么是RAVI SHANKAR的问题”,并期望从文化和社会解读中得到答案。

 

RAVI SHANKAR曾经将60年代称为“西塔琴大爆炸”的时代,而这个爆炸的核心就是他本人。RAVI SHANKAR富裕的家庭背景,(父亲是留英大律师,高官)使得他从小就跟随哥哥的印度舞蹈团队周游西方世界(那时候他是个舞者),加上得天独厚的英文优势以及对于西方文化的认同和向往,以及当时西方的政治变革等等,都给他创造了改变印度和西方音乐史的重要条件。

 

与传统的印度古典音乐家相比,RAVI SHANKAR绝对是一个“改革派”,他把传统的RAGA从原来的60到八十分钟的长度改为由几分钟到十几分钟的曲子,以适应在各种不同表演场合中听众的期待,这一做法解决了西方人听印度古典音乐的困难,得到西方受众的好感,从而改变了长期以来西方社会对于印度传统音乐“冗长,单调,重复,和声枯燥乏味”的看法;他创作交响乐,芭蕾舞音乐,电影配乐,他和梅纽因,菲利普格拉斯等音乐家跨界合作,他影响了六十年代最为流行的披头士乐队,甚至还与一位舞者生下了私生女诺拉琼斯(后来名扬天下的歌后)……种种迹象表明,RAVI SHANKAR尝试了他所能企及的一切,他为印度传统音乐创造了前所未有的全新环境,同时也将自己的主观能动性发挥到了一个登峰造极的境界。用他自己的话来说就是:在他之后所有的印度音乐家,都将会从他培养的听众中受益。

 

三.几个伪命题

 

尽管他的做法遭到大量传统印度音乐演奏家的反对和质疑,但我相信,几乎没有乐迷会疑RAVI SHANKAR的真诚和奉献精神,没有他的努力,我们不会那么轻易得听到印度古典音乐,在那个充斥着宝莱坞歌舞,印度神油和性经的年代,他所做的事情相当杰出,他用柔软和平的的印度声音关照了当时虚无叛逆的西方世界,拓宽了东方文化的版图。在短期内完成了对西方社会的文化反侵蚀——这当然是前无古人后无来者的壮举。

 

如果没有他,我们将没有那么容易听到Ali Akbar Khan,尽管他才是第一个在西方出版印度古典音乐LP唱片的演奏家(1955年,梅纽因推荐)但是他过于谦卑的人生态度以及折衷主义的音乐思路影响了他的音乐的传播。

 

如果没有他,我们将没有那么容易听到尼克.班纳吉(Nikhil Banerjee,一位纯粹主义的SITAR琴演奏大师,虽然英年早逝(1932—1986),留给世人的RAGA作品却是张张精彩绝妙。他与Ali Akbar KhanRAVI SHANKAR师出一门,但是却在风格上截然不同。他生前跟许多前人一样,不太愿意走进录音棚录制唱片,他喜欢通过现场观众的反应来激发灵感和即兴创造力;Nikhil Banerjee冷静,质朴,根植传统而又充满灵气与创新,他引领听众抛开华美的表面线条,深入探寻印度古典音乐的精神内核。

 

如果没有他,东方哲学就没有这么强大的影响力,包括许多伟大的爵士乐手如JOHN  COTRAIN,MILES DAVIS,DON CHERRY, Collin WalcottJohn McLaughlin等等——他们都毫无意外的受到印度文化乃至东方主义的影响。

 

四:

三个死亡故事:

 

2009619,在英国伦敦最大最著名的音乐表演场地——巴比肯艺术中心(Barbican Centre),来自印度的TABLA鼓乐大师zakir husain宣布将他即将开始的专场表演,献给一位刚刚在前一天与世长辞的印度音乐的巨人——Sarod琴演奏大师Ustad Ali Akbar Khan。全场观众为之哗然,随即自发为他默哀。

 

而正是在几个月前的上海世界音乐周,zakir husain在接受媒体采访时多次表达他对Ali Akbar Khan这位大音乐家的敬意。当我问他怎么看待1969年他的父亲Ustad Alla Rakha跟西塔琴演奏家RAVI SHANKARWOODSTOCK音乐节上的表演时,他说在WOODSTOCK那个年代,到处都可以看到西塔琴和塔布拉在飞舞,印度文化标识已经充斥在西方世界每一个角落,人们早就习以为常。

 

20082591岁的印度教领袖,披头士乐团60年代的精神导师Maharishi Mahesh Yogi在荷兰去世。

 

四十年前,披头士们(还有小野洋子)跟着他绕过半个地球来到印度的宗教圣地瑞思凯诗。他们住在喜马拉雅山下,小镇里有恒河之水穿过,他们跟大师一起冥想,打坐,修炼瑜伽,共同接受东方神秘主义的洗礼,闲暇时光他们也一起HIGH叶子,食用印度辛辣的咖喱食品,并且期待灵感和神的降临,好一派祥和安逸之景象!

 

直到有一天,天真烂漫的英国偶像们得知Maharishi Mahesh Yogi,也就是他们的精神导师曾经以“加强灵性的结合”为由和他们认识的一位美国女信徒发生性关系之后,真正明白了类似“人生是荒谬的”这样的老套道理,毅然决定离开印度——在一天的早餐过后,约翰列侬很绅士地告诉导师他们决定离开,当导师诧异地问他们为何离去之时,列侬说了一句特别牛逼的话,他回答道:如果你是宇宙的主宰,你就应该知道原因。

 

按照我的理解,此言一出,有关印度的嬉皮时代就这样结束了:它在精神上死于1968年的春天。

 

而相对1967年在蒙特利尔的集体HIGH起来的美丽壮景,亚斯格农场上空飘荡的西塔琴和塔布拉鼓的回声也并不幽远——RAVI SHANKAR69 WOODSTOCK上的表演,留下的相关影像极少,甚至没有过多的文字记载;他们充当了嬉皮时代的见证人——从某种意义上来说,表演只不过是哀悼者的一场雨中祭祀,是为了向一个时代告别的落寞狂欢。

 

 

注:

拉格(Raga,印度古典音乐的音阶旋律模式的统称。与节奏周期塔拉(Tala)共同组成一首古典乐曲。在印度音乐中,重要的不是“作品”或“作曲”,而是旋律形拉格(Raga),不同的拉格(Raga)呈现不同的心理气氛,同样的拉格(Raga),不同的音乐家会呈现出不同的风格和气质。

韩国爵士女伶羅玧宣深圳现场

耶胡达 发表于 2009-06-01 19:33:57



深圳站
6月3日 周三 21:30
地点: 深圳南山区恩平街华侨城创意文化园(OCT-LOFT)F3栋墨客空间 一渡堂idutang

广州站:
6月4日 周四 21:30


地点: 广州 越秀区水荫路115号城市会天溢大厦副大堂1楼

乐手简介:

Nah Youn Sun, Vocal - Korea (韩国)
Ulk Wakeniusm, Guitar - Sweden (瑞典)

音乐会门票100元。
http://younsunnah.com/欢迎视听!!
吉它手的
http://www.actmusic.com/artist_detail.php?photos=1&manufacturers_id=26



羅玧宣, 人声-韓國

羅玧宣出生自音樂世家。父親為交响樂团指揮家,而母親則是古典声樂家。二十三歲時在交响樂团中初露啼声,其後在眾多的音樂剧演出同時亦獲獎無數。在事業及环境中得不到充实感後,在九五年到全欧洲历史最悠長,位於巴黎的CIM學院修讀爵士樂,後來更成為這學院的首名亞洲導師。於學習期間,罗爭取任何的演出機会,在酒吧及會所演唱時,除結識不少優秀樂了手之外,更被不少成名藝人赏識及邀聘一同合作。自此其事業便平步青雲,在法國和韓國兩地的剧院及音樂節中穿插。

除擁有一把可和完美比拼的嗓子外,在過去八年羅玧宣共出版的六張唱片中,可見其在编寫樂曲方面亦功力十足。2005年憑著一張’So I am’在法國嬴得’Jazz a Juan Concours’及韓國之最隹新人等獎項。於05及06兩年内,在欧亞及澳大利亞等地演出過百場,而沒有一場不把聽簽眾弄得痴醉。07的一張’Memory Lane’找來丹麥鋼琴手Nils Lan Dorky和名低音吉它手Kim Yeong-Rryul共同製作。同年被邀到纽约的Jazz at the Lincoln Center演出,為首為獲得這爵士樂中最高榮譽的亞洲艺人。08年得和現時最火的瑞典低音手Lars Danielsson及吉它手Ulf Wakenius泡製了’Voyage’,在欧洲爵士樂名牌ACT期下,於09年4月作全球性發行。羅玧宣亦憑這張新作,於09年3月的第六届韓國音樂大獎 (Korean Music Awards)上,嬴取了全年最隹’跨界及爵士樂’唱片(Best Jazz & Crossover record of the year)大獎。



Ulk Wakeniusm, Guitar - Sweden
韋烏夫,吉它 - 瑞典

58年在瑞典的小鎮Halmstad出生。十一歲開始自學吉它,以英吉它手John Mclaughlin 為偶像。十七歲已成專業爵士乐手,经常在电視節目中表演,及開始了世界各地巡迴表演的生涯。

80年代尾和丹麥低音大師Nils –Henning Orsted Pedersen,多次作世界巡迴和在各地电視節目中演出。其中亦包括為前美總统克林頓表演的專場。

90年代為烏夫事業的高峯期。同時為數名殿堂大師 Oscar Peterson, Ray Brown及 Toots Thilemans组合的固定成員外,更组成樂隊Stellar Quintet包括嘉賓樂手Michael Brecker 及Ray Brown 等。和Oscar Peterson過身前不久在荷李活巨旦 (Hollywood Bowl)的演出,就有一萬七千名觀眾欣赏。

曾和烏夫合作演出及錄音的樂手計有Milt ajckson, Joe Henderson, Herbie Hancock, Clark Terry, Beeny Golson, Jack DeJohnette, Jim Hall, Art Farmer, James Moody, Phil Woods及Pat Methney等。烏夫在个人名字下先後共灌錄了十一張作品。

音乐会门票100元。http://younsunnah.com/欢迎视听!!
吉它手的http://www.actmusic.com/artist_detail.php?photos=1&manufacturers_id=26

Youn Sun Nah

The daughter of a conductor father and a classical singer mother, she was born into and grew up a musical family. She made her musical debut at 23 with a joint concert with the Korean Symphony Orchestra. She then performed in numerous Korean musicals on a national stage, for which she has received numerous awards. However, because of all its constraints she did not find that musical environments fulfilling. She decided to go to Paris in 1995 to study jazz and French chanson at the CIM school —one of the oldest jazz schools in Europe— and at the National Music Institute of Beauvais, and at the Nadia and Lili Boulanger Conservatory. Her innate talent for jazz revealed itself when she started playing in Parisian jazz clubs with her group YSN 5tet She made her rounds around the Paris club scene, performances that would earn her invitations to work together by many famous musicians. Youn Sun Nah made strong showing in a number of jazz concours like La Defense, St. Maur, and Montmartre. She became the buzzword in theaters and festivals all over France, while also performing in Korea, essentially managing simultaneous careers in two countries.

Producing five albums in six years, she held numerous performances in France, Europe, and in Asia including Korea. Such vigorous activity would earn her the best artist prize in crossover music category in Korea in 2003. In 2004, the release of was widely celebrated by French audiences as well as the press, who regarded her as one of the most remarkable singers of this generation. Active touring and active musical performances finally came to fruition in the form of the Grand Prize at the reputable Jazz a Juan Concours in 2005, in addition to a prize of the best young artist of the year in Korea.

She is an artist who never fails to move audiences wherever she may be performing, which led her to over 100 successful performances in Europe, USA, Australia, and Asia in 2005 and 2006. Youn Sun Nah reestablished her position as a premier jazz artist in the Asian music scene and marketplace with the album , co-produced with Denmark’s top pianist Niels Lan Doky and Korean bassist Kim Jeong-ryul. She also earned recognition from the American media and noted personalities from around the world with an invitation and performance at the Jazz at Lincoln Center, which would launch her to world stardom. Meanwhile, she has worked with world-famous Swedish artists like Ulf Wakenius and Lars Danielsson on her newest album . The new album will hit the market in Korea in September 2008, and to the rest of the world in February 2009 through ACT, one of the top jazz labels in the world.

Ulf Wakenius


Ulf Wakenius has since 1997 held what may be the most prestigious spot in jazz for a guitarist - membership in the Oscar Peterson Quartet. His predecessors have been such legends as Barney Kessel, Herb Ellis, and Joe Pass. He has performed at such classic jazz venues as Carnegie Hall, the Hollywood Bowl, the Blue Note and played for large crowds around the world.He has also appeared on American television(CBS) and Tv Globo(Brazil) with Oscar Peterson. Last year he recorded “Trail of Dreams” with Oscar Peterson and Michel Legrand, for the Telarc label, and during recent years he has also played with such outstanding musicians as, Milt Jackson, Ray Brown, Joe Henderson, Herbie Hancock, Michael Brecker, Phil Woods, Clark Terry, Johnny Griffin, Toots Thielemans, Jack DeJohnette, Max Roach, Jim Hall, Art Farmer, Benny Golson, James Moody, Roy Hargrove, Randy Brecker. He has recorded two CDs, also for Telarc with the great Ray Brown: “Seven Steps To Heaven” which became number one in the U.S. jazz charts, and “Summertime” which was voted as one of the top ten albums of `98 in America.Lately he has lead a Stellar Quintet of his own featuring:Mike Brecker and Ray Brown.Last year he did a sold out U.S. tour with Oscar Peterson.The highlight of the tour was the Hollywood Bowl concert with 17 000 people in the audience.


In thUlf Wakenius was born in Halmstad, Sweden on April 16, 1958. He began playing the guitar at the age of 11, inspired by other guitarists in the neighbourhood of his new hometown, Gothenburg.

After picking up the guitar Ulf never looked back. In the beginning he was inspired by virtuoso electric blues guitar players but soon moved to more jazz-orientated music. John McLaughlin became Ulf's new guitar hero. (John later wrote liner notes for one of Ulf's solo-albums).

At the age of 17 Ulf was already established as a jazz musician playing with different Swedish groups. During the following years he toured all over Europe. In the beginning of the '80s Ulf founded the duo “Guitars Unlimited” together with Peter Almqvist. They toured in many parts of the world and appeared frequently on Swedish Television. The highlight in their career was a performance in the 1985 Melody Grand Prix, a historic event which was seen by 600 million viewers, (probably the the largest audience a jazz-guitar duo has ever had).

In the mid-'80s Ulf also received the opportunity to record a solo album in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. He was fortunate to be able to gather together such fantastic musicians as Sivuca, Luizao, Paolo Braga (Elis Regina), Nico Assumpcao (Milton Nascimento) among others. The record became a hit in Sweden with considerable airplay, even making it to the Swedish Top - “Svensktoppen”, a programme where one seldom hears any jazz. The “Brazil venture” was the beginning of a life-long love of the Brazilian culture. Later Ulf returned with Oscar Peterson and performed for 35, 000 people in Sao Paolo.

e late '80s Ulf began playing with the Danish bass giant Niels-Henning �rstedt-Pedersen, and with whom he still plays. Their collaboration has been very fruitful, resulting in concerts all over the globe, several recordings, playing for the then-President of the United States, Bill Clinton, and numerous international TV-shows.

In the beginning of the '90s Ulf started to work in different projects together with American and European top musicians. The group Grafitti was formed with the rhythm section from the John Scofield group, the members being the phantom drummer Dennis Chambers, bassist Gary Grainger, H�kon Graf on keyboards and Ulf on guitar. They toured in the United States and Europe and recorded a CD which was very well received. He also started a collaboration with the bass icon Ray Brown. Ulf has 10 solo albums to his name and has recorded several albums as a sideman together with many jazz legends.



马木尔与真世界

耶胡达 发表于 2009-05-15 14:03:30



Real World Records是英国著名音乐人Peter Gabriel创立的专注于推广世界音乐的音乐厂牌,先后推出过Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan,Sheila Chandra,Geoffrey Oryema,Youssou N'dour,Tama,央金拉姆等五大洲各国音乐家的作品,即将于五月份发行马木尔专辑EAGLE(雄鹰)。http://www.realworldrecords.com/catalogue/eagle/ 配合新专辑的发行,REAL WORLD RECORDS将同时安排马木尔欧洲巡演,行程如下:
五月八日:比利时布鲁塞尔
五月九日:法国南特
五月十六,十八日:英国伦敦
七月二十六日:英国马尔姆斯伯里,查尔顿公园,WOMAD世界音乐舞蹈节。

从电话里得知得知马木尔五月在欧洲演出,倒是没有料到他是为了配合新专辑的发行。
Real World 和Peter Gabriel,这两个快被我被遗忘的名字,再一次浮现在我眼前,说实话,刚知道这个消息的时候,有一点惊讶:是的,在节目里我多次提到过对这个世界音乐厂牌的感想,多年以来它给我的印象就是对于第三世界的优越感,不是很讲究的音乐品味,比较随意肤浅的音乐设计和制作,有些自以为是的明星意识——但是,同时我想要强调的是,Peter Gabriel是一个非常优秀的文化商人,他组织策划的WOMAD世界音乐舞蹈节(World of Music,Arts and Dance)已经成功的进入主流音乐视野,让更多的民族音乐乐人有机会站在世界的舞台上。就像媒体所说的那样:他组织的这个多媒体展演组织,在一系列以世界各地不同国家的表演者所串联起的艺术节活动中,更明确地联击起传统与现代音乐,舞蹈与艺术之间一种新的表现方式。

杭盖和world music network,萨顶顶和BBC ,马木尔和Real World ,各种多元化的组合将会让会越来越多的人们进入到我们的经验之中——艺术家做得怎么样是他们自己的事情,而在这个时代,我们需要更多的Peter Gabriel,需要专业的商业宣传推广策略,也需要更多的赚钱而且赚吆喝的音乐节,不是吗?

记得有一次我问民俗村里的少数民族音乐人:为什么他们没有去更好的环境表达他们的音乐,他们说:“我们还没有吃饱呢,我们首先需要更多的机会被外面的世界看到。。。。。。”

说得很好,首先需要更多的机会被外面的世界看到。         最后才是选择。